A Fabric Characterized By A Honeycomb Texture Or Small Squares Similar To The Surface Of A Waffle. May Be Woven Or Knit.

From The Louis Xvi Period Onwards Waistcoats Were Worn Under All Men's Outer Garments, Coat, Riding-coat, Frock Coat, Jacket, Etc. Usually The Two Front Panels Were Made From Fine Material And The Back, Which Isn't Seen, From Lining Material.

The Apparent Width Of A Fibre Wall As Seen When Fibres Are Examined Under A Microscope. Note: In The Cotton Fibre Maturity Test, The Apparent Wall Thickness Assessed Visually At The Widest Part Of The Fibres As A Fraction Of The Maximum Ribbon Width.

Colors Like Red, Orange, Yellow Are Classified As Warm Colors, They Are Advancing In Nature, Because As Seen By The Eyes These Colors Move Closer Thereby Reducing The Size Of An Object. Warm Colors Are Cheerful.

Used As A Verb - To Arrange Threads In Long Lengths Parallel To One Another Preparatory To Further Processing. Note: In Addition To Beaming The Following Methods Of Warping Are Practised; Ball Warping, Cross-ball Warping, And Chain Warping. The Primary Stage Of These Methods Of Warping Is Withdrawal Of Ends From A Warping Creel And Their Assembly In Rope Form, A Form That May Conveniently Be Used For Wet Processing. For Convenience Of Handling, This Rope May Be (a) Wound Into A Ball (ball Warping), (b) Machine-wound On To A Wooden Roller Into A Cross-ball Cheese (cross-ball Or Cheese Warping), Or (c) Shortened Into A Link Chain (chain Warping). A Number Of These Ropes May Be Assembled Into A Complete Warp On A Beam Or May Be Split And Dressed And Incorporated In Warps Made By Other Methods.

Used As A Noun - (1) Threads Lengthways In A Fabric As Woven. (2) A Number Of Threads In Long Lengths And Approximately Parallel, In Various Forms Intended For Weaving, Knitting, Doubling, Sizing, Dyeing, Or Lacemaking.

The Operation Of Assembling On A Beam Yarns From A Ball Warp, Beam Warp, Or Chain Warp Immediately Prior To Weaving.

A Fabric Produced By Interlocking Loops In A Lengthwise Direction . Warp Knits Tend To Be Flatter, Smoother, More Run Resistant, And More Stable Than Weft Knits . Examples Are Tricot, Raschel And Milanese.

A Method Of Making A Fabric By Normal Knitting Means In Which The Loops Made From Each Warp Thread Are Formed Substantially Along The Length Of The Fabric. It Is Characterized By The Fact That Each Warp Thread Is Fed More Or Less In Line With The Direction In Which The Fabric Is Produced.

The Warp Yarns Are Printed With A Design Before Weaving. After Weaving The Design Then Has A Hazy Shadowy Effect.

Refers To Fabrics That Have Been Laundered Before Shipping. This May Be Done To Reduce Shrinkage, Soften The Hand, Wash Down The Color Or To Give The Fabric A Used, Laundered Look.

A Machine For Removing Impurities, Excess Dyes Or Chemicals By Submitting Fabric Or Yarn, In Rope Or Open-width Form, To Successive Liquid Treatments,

Treatment Of Textile Material In Water Or Detergent Solution To Remove Substances Employed Previous Processes.

There Are Two Classes Of Waste Known As 'hard' And 'soft', And Their Treatment Differs According To The Class. Hard Waste Is Essentially That From Spinning Frames, Reeling And Winding Machines And All Other Waste Of A Thready Nature. Soft Waste Comes From Earlier Processes Where The Fibres Are Relatively Little Twisted, Felted, Or Compacted.

Fabrics That Have Been Treated To Resist Wetting And Shed Water By Causing The Water To Bead On The Surface. It Does Not Close The Pores Of The Fabric As Waterproof Treatments Do, So The Fabrics Are Comfortable To Wear. It Will Offer Protection In A Light Shower But Not Heavy Rain. Water Repellency May Be Added By Treating The Fabric With Fluorocarbon Chemicals , Wax, Silicone Or Resins . Sometimes Called Water Resistant.

Refers To Designs That Are Characterized By Soft Gradations And Soft Shadings Of Color Suggestive Of Semi-opaque Watercolor Paintings.

The Ability Of Fabric To Be Fully Resistant To Penetration By Water. Note: The Term Is An Absolute One And Implies That The Water Penetration Resistance Of The Fabric Is Equivalent To Its Hydraulic Bursting Strength.

Refers To Fabric That Has Been Coated With Wax Or Paraffin To Alter The Hand Or Appearance Or To Make The Fabric Water Repellent.

The Application Of Wax To A Warp Sheet So As To Improve Its Weaving Performance. The Wax, In Emulsion Or Molten Form, Is Usually Applied By A Trough And Lick Roller. The Point Of Application May Be Between The Swift And Warp Beam In Section Warping , Or Between The Creel And Beaming Head In Beam Warping Or Immediately After Drying In Slasher Sizing. Normally Waxes Must Be Readily Removable In The Subsequent Finishing Operation. Note: Alternatively Wax Is Sometimes Applied To A Warp By Means Of A Wax Rod Placed In The Nip Between The Warp Sheet And The Weaver's Beam At The Point Where The Yarn Leaves The Latter.

(1) The Action Of Atmospheric Agencies Or Elements On Substances Exposed To Them. (2) The Discoloration, Disintegration, Etc., That Results From This Action.

(1) A Rarely Used Synonym For Fabric. (2) The Sheet Of Fibres Delivered By A Card (card Web) (3) A Plain Circular-knitted Fabric. (4) A Local And Little-used Synonym For Warp. (5) (nonwoven) Single Or Multiple Sheets Of Fibre Used In Nonwoven Fabric Production. Also Termed Batt

A Woven Narrow Fabric, The Prime Function Of Which Is Load Bearing. It Is Generally Of A Coarse Weave And Has Multiple Plies. It Is Produced In Widths Up To And Including 450 Mm And Includes All Elastic Narrow Fabrics.

White Bands Which Were Worn On The Sleeve Facings Of Coats And Jerkins In The 17th And 18th Centuries As A Sign Of Deep Mourning.

The Most Common Type Of Knit Formed By Interlocking Loops In The Widthwise Direction . Weft Knit Tend To Have More Stretch Than Warp Knits. Examples Are Interlock, Jerseys, Double Knits, Rib Knits.

A Method Of Making A Fabric By Normal Knitting Means In Which The Loops Made By Each Weft Thread Are Formed Substantially Across The Width Of The Fabric. It Is Characterized By The Fact That Each Weft Thread Is Fed More Or Less At Right Angles To The Direction In Which The Fabric Is Produced.

The Removal Of Water-soluble Or Emulsifiable Soil From Garments, Often Carried Out On A Draining Board Using Tepid Water In The Presence Of Detergents. It Is Also A Process For Cleaning Garments Etc., Made From Fabrics, E.g. Vinyi Coated Materials, Liable To Be Damaged By Dry Cleaning Solvents.

A Finishing Process For Cellulosic-fibre Fabrics That Improves The Wet Crease Recovery And Smooth Drying Properties, But Not The Dry Crease Recovery.

Conversion Of A Dissolved Polymer Into Filaments By Extrusion Into A Coagulating Liquid. Note: The Extrusion May Be Directly Into The Coagulating Liquid Or Through A Small Air-gap. In The Latter Case It May Be Known As Dry-jet Wet Spinning Or Air-gap Wet Spinning.
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Formation Of A Non-woven Fabric By Suspending Fibers In Water To Disperse Them Evenly . The Suspension Is Poured Onto A Moving Screen Allowing The Water To Pass Through And Leaving A Fiber Web, Which Is Then Dried To Form The Fabric.

(1) Descriptive Of A Yarn Of Flax, Hemp, Or Similar Fibre Spun From Roving That Has Been Thoroughly Wetted Out In Hot Water Immediately Prior To The Drafting Operation. (2) Descriptive Of Man-made Filament Produced By Wet Spinning.

Unless Otherwise Specified, The Distance From Edge To Edge Of A Fabric When Laid Flat On A Table Without Tension. In The Case Of Commercial Dispute The Measurement Should Be Made After The Fabric Has Been Conditioned In A Standard Atmosphere For Testing . When Buying And Selling Fabric It Is Normal To Specify The Basis On Which The Width Is To Be Assessed E.g., Overall, Within Limits, Or Usable Width (which Implies Within Stenter Pin Marks).

A Ruffled Appearance Of The Surface Fibres In Slivers, Slubbings, Rovings, And Yams. Note: Wildness May Be Due To The Processing Of These Products Under Dry Atmospheric Conditions Which Causes Increased Inter-fibre Friction And Static-electricity Troubles. The Static Charges Cause Mutual Fibre Repulsion And Prevent Fibres From Taking Up Normal Orderly Positions In The Respective Products.

A Machine Consisting Of Bladed Or Pinned Rollers For Opening, Cleaning And Mixing Staple Fibre Material As A Preliminary To Scouring (for Greasy Wool) Or Carding (for Most Animal And Synthetic Fibres).

A Dyeing Machine In Which One Or More Endless Lengths Of Fabric Are Drawn Through The Dyebath By A Rotating Reel Or Drum Above The Surface Of The Dye Liquor.

The Number Of Wraps Wound On A Take-up Package While The Traverse Completes A Full Stroke In One Direction.

A Design That Looks Like A Windowpane, With Narrow Bands Of One Color Forming An Over-check That Encloses Rectangles Of Another Ground Color.

A Process By Which Fleece Or Skin Wool Is Divided Up Into Various Qualities. It Is Usually Carried Out By The User.

There Are Two Classes Of Waste Known As 'hard' And 'soft', And Their Treatment Differs According To The Class. Hard Waste Is Essentially That From Spinning Frames, Reeling And Winding Machines And All Other Waste Of A Thready Nature. Soft Waste Comes From Earlier Processes Where The Fibres Are Relatively Little Twisted, Felted, Or Compacted.

Refers To Fabrics Of Carded Wool Yarns Spun In The Woolen Spinning System . These Are Shorter Coarser Yarns Than Worsted Yarns And The Fabrics Are Heavier Than Worsteds.

Descriptive Of Yarns, Or Fabrics Or Garments Made From Yarns, Which Have Been Produced On The Condenser System, Wholly From Wool Fibres, New Or Otherwise. Note 1: As An Adjective Appertaining To Wool Generally, The Term 'wool' And Not 'woollen' Is Recommended. Note 2: The Trade Name 'woollen-spun' Is Applied To Staple Yarn Produced By Carding, Condensing, And Spinning On Machinery Originally Designed For The Processing Of Wool Into Yarn: It Is Descriptive Of The Processing Technique And Not Fibre Content. Since The Yarn May Not Contain Any Wool Fibre, The Alternative Condenser Spun Is Preferable.

Descriptive Of Yarns Spun On The Condenser System And Having Wool As The Main Component, Or Descriptive Of Fabrics Or Garments Made From Such Yarns.

The Trade Name 'woollen-spun' Is Applied To Staple Yarn Produced By Carding, Condensing, And Spinning On Machinery Originally Designed For The Processing Of Wool Into Yarn: It Is Descriptive Of The Processing Technique And Not Fibre Content. Since The Yarn May Not Contain Any Wool Fibre, The Alternative Condenser Spun Is Preferable.

A Fabric Manufactured Wholly From Woollen-type (woollen-spun ) Yarns, Or From Cotton Warp And Woollen-type (woollen-spun) Weft And Which May Or May Not Contain Decorative Threads Of Other Fibres.

Descriptive Of Yams Spun Wholly From Combed Wool In Which The Fibres Are Reasonably Parallel, And Fabrics Or Garments Made From Such Yarns. In Most Countries Fabrics With A Small Proportion Of Non-wool Decorative Threads Can Be Described As Worsted.

Refers To Fabric Of Combed Yarns Spun In The Worsted Spinning System. These Tend To Be Longer Finer Yarns Than Those Spun In The Woolen System. The Term Worsted Usually Refers To Wool But May Refer To Any Other Fibers As Well. Worsted Fabrics Are Lighter And Smoother Than Woolens. Tropical, Gabardine And Serge Are Examples Of Worsted Fabrics.

A Fabric Manufactured Wholly From Worsted Yams, Except That Decorative Threads Of Other Fibres May Be Present.

Descriptive Of Yarns In Which The Fibres Are Reasonably Parallel And Have Combed Wool As The Main Component, Or Descriptive Of Fabrics Or Garments Made From Such Yarns.

A Fabric Manufactured Wholly From Worsted-type (worsted-spun) Yarns, Or From Cotton Warp And Worsted-type (worsted-spun) Weft, And Which May Or May Not Contain Decorative Threads Of Other Fibres.

Yarn Wound On Formers Which Facilitate Convenient Handling. Note: In Some Cases The Former May Be Withdrawn Before Further Processing.

(1) A Fibrous Yarn Covered With Other Yarn(s) To Bind Projecting Fibre Ends To The Main Body. Note: It Is Commonly Used For Interlinings To Prevent Fibre Ends From Penetrating The Outer Fabric.

Fibres Which Wrap Around The Main Body Of A Staple Fibre Yarn During Yarn Formation In The Production Of Open-end And Fasciated Yarns

An Unwanted Short And Irregular Crease In A Fabric. Note: The Distinction Between A Wrinkle And A Crease Is Often Not Clear But Creases Are Generally Sharper And Longer Than Wrinkles.